Goldenrods More Likely Evolve Defense Mechanisms in Nutrient-Rich Soil

Goldenrod plants are often targeted by flies and other insects as hosts for their eggs, in turn altering the goldenrod plant’s growth pattern and structure. As a defense mechanism, some goldenrod plants “nod” their stems during the period of time these flies are actively seeking host plants, effectively preventing the insects from laying their eggs. Active U-M research into this phenomenon is advancing our understanding of plant adaptations and defenses.