On October 8, 2024, physicist John Hopfield and computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for their pioneering work in artificial neural networks. Artificial neural networks take inspiration from biological counterparts but are shaped by logic, mathematics, and physics. What are artificial neuron networks, and how are they being leveraged in the deep learning space to make breakthroughs in AI technology? U-M professor of statistics Ambuj Tewari examines these developments for The Conversation.